Reducing a Fear During Sleep
利用睡覺，減少恐懼的方法
Exposure to a fearful memory while in deep sleep may help reduce the fear. Christie Nicholson reports
於熟睡時，讓自己暴露在可怕的記憶中，或許可使恐懼趨緩。
文章出處:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=reducing-a-fear-during-sleep-13-10-03
In Macbeth Shakespeare wrote that sleep “...knits up the raveled sleep of care.” So why would anyone want to be purposely reminded of a fearful memory while sleeping? Strange as it may seem, recent research shows that reminders of a scary memory while snoozing may help treat phobias.
莎士比亞所撰<<馬克白>>其內文曾提及睡眠，"將一切煩惱糾結成團，令人更加心憂(原文為sleeve而非sleep，編織著煩心的糾結衣袖)"。所以怎麼可能會有人故意在睡夢中回憶煩惱呢?
這的確還滿怪的，最近的研究顯示，在打瞌睡的時候，若喚起自身可怕的記憶，將可幫助我們對抗恐懼症。
Scientists showed volunteers two faces while the volunteers received mild electric shocks. As they viewed a face, the subjects also smelled a specific odor, like clove, mint or lemon. So both the face and the odor were associated with the unpleasant experience of being shocked.
科學家給自願參與實驗者看兩種表情圖片，並同時施以輕微的電擊。當實驗者在看其中一張表情圖片時，會讓他們聞得到特殊氣味，如丁香、薄荷或檸檬。這下子，不管是表情圖片、還是氣味，都會被連結到不愉快的電擊經驗。
Later, when subjects were in deep sleep they were exposed to one of the odors. When they woke up, they viewed images of the two faces. And their fear reaction to the face associated with the smell was lower than when they saw the other face. Fear was quantified via brain scans and sweat measurement. The study is the journal Nature Neuroscience.
接著，讓實驗者於熟睡時，暴露在其中一種氣味之中。在他們醒來後，再給他們看之前看過的兩種表情圖片。結果，和氣味有連結的表情圖片比另一張表情圖片，減少了更多的恐懼反應。
其恐懼的程度差異是藉由大腦斷層掃描與出汗程度來量化。這項研究文章收錄於期刊"自然神經科學"。
It’s known that people can overcome phobias by exposure to the feared object or behavior while awake. This study marks the first time scientists have tried exposure—albeit through a conditioned response—during sleep to reduce fear. For phobic people, it could be a dream come true.
我們本來就知道，當我們醒著的時候，可以藉由暴露在恐懼的事物或是行為中，來克服恐懼症。這研究標記了科學家第一次嘗試在睡夢中來減少恐懼，儘管是透過制約反應來實驗。但對於有恐懼症的人們來說，可能終於可以"美夢"成真了。
—Christie Nicholson
補充說明~制約反應:小明遇到你就只會向你借錢，於是當你看到他的時候，就會覺得他又要來借錢了。
小明=借錢
如上述文章中，圖片=氣味=電擊
